WATER POLLUTION

0501-071. Asadi SS, Vuppala Padmaja, Anji Reddy M (Cent Env, Inst Sci Techno, Jawaharlal Nehru Technol Univ, Hyderabad 500 072). Assessment and mapping of water pollution indices in Zone-III of Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad using remote sensing and Geographic Information System. J Environ Sci Engng, 47(1)(2005), 13-20 [12 Ref].

Water quality index was calculated from the measured parameters, based on which the study area was classified into five groups with respect to suitability of water for drinking purpose. Attribute database was integrated with spatial sampling locations map in Arc/Info and maps showing spatial distribution of water quality parameters were prepared in Arc View. Results indicated that high concentrations of total dissolved solids, nitrates, fluorides and total hardness were observed in few industrial and densely populated areas indicating deteriorated water quality while the other areas exhibited moderate to good water quality.

0501-072. Asthana A, Sunitha G, Gupta VK* (*Sch Std Chem, Pt Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chattisgarh). Determination of carbon disulphide in environmental samples using leucocrystal violet. Cheml Env Res, 12(3&4)(2003), 211-219 [33 Ref].

The use of leucocrystal violet to determine carbon disulphide in various environmental and biological samples is discussed. Current methodology involves the formation of yellow coloured xanthate on treating carbondisulphide with sodium hydroxide. The xanthate formed is subsequently treated with potassium iodate and the iodine liberated is reacted with leucocrystal violet. The crystal violet dye formed shows maximum absorbance at 592 nm. The method is free from the interference of other major toxicants and the other reaction conditions have been optimized.

0501-073. Bhadra Bhaskar, Chakraborty Ranadhir, Das Susanta, Nanda Ashis Kumar (Dept Chem, North Bengal Univ, Siliguri 734 430). Investigation of some basic water quality parameters of the north Bengal Terai river Kaljani – a tributary of river Torsa, and comparison thereof with the mainstream. J Environ Bio, 26(2)(2005), 277-286 [13 Ref].

Some physio-chemical parameters of Kaljani River were studied in and around Alipurduar municipality. Comparison of water quality parameters of the two rivers demonstrated higher range of alkalinity, ammonia content and chloride content in Torsa than Kaljani. River Kaljani showed higher COD range than Torsa. Mean BOD value of both these rivers ranged between 0.93-1.65 mg/l. Overall TDS content of Kaljani was found to be lower than Torsa. Maximum phosphate content was observed at the downstream of both the rivers.

0501-074. Bishnoi Narsi R, Pant Anju, Garima (Dept Environ Sci Engng, Guru Jambheswar Univ, Hisar 125 001). Biosorption of copper from aqueous solution using algal biomass. J Scient Indl Res, 63(10)(2004), 813-816 [10 Ref].

Sorption experiments using the dead biomass of Spirogyra species, for copper removal were carried out to study the influence and optimization of the biosorption of Cu (II). The effect of pH, initial metal ion concentration, different contact periods, varying temperature and varying biomass quantities were also examined. It was observed that Spirogyra species possessed better specific uptake capacities for Cu (II), showing approximate uptake of 34.94 mg/g of biomass. Spirogyra species has shown much better sorption in the pH between 6.0-7.0 and at contact time of 30 min.

0501-075. Chandra Mouli P, Venkata Mohan S, Jayaram Reddy S* (Electrochemical Res Lab, Dept Chem, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati 517502). Electrochemical processes for the remediation of wastewater and contaminated soil: emerging technology. J Scient Indl Res, 63(1)(2004), 11-19 [77 Ref].

The review aims at providing an overview of electrochemical processes used for accomplishing the remediation of industrial wastewater, particularly electrooxidation process and electrocoagulation. The applicability of these technologies for the remediation of contaminated soil is also discussed. The enhanced degradation of wastewater may be attributed to the electrochemical oxidation of the organic compounds present in the aqueous phase to simple molecules, which may be easily biodegraded. The principle of electrooxidation process, involved in the remediation process was described along with specific applications.

0501-076. Chandra Ram, Pandey Praveen K, Srivastava Archana (Environ Microbio Sec, Indl Toxico Res Cent, Lucknow, UP). Comparative toxicological evaluation of untreated and treated tannery effluent with Nostoc muscorum L. (algal assay) and microtox bioassay. Environ Monit Assess, 95(1)(2004), 387-294 [31 Ref].

The effect on chlorophyll, protein and biomass content of Nostoc muscorum was studied with the luminescent property inhibition of Photobacterium phosphorium and compared with algal bioassay. It was observed that the luminescent property of Photobacterium phosphorium in microtox assay as well as the chlorophyll content of Nostoc muscorum in algal assay were the most sensitive parameters in toxicity evaluation of tannery effluent. The microtox assay of toxicity showed that EC₅₀ (%) in 30 min was 3.19 and 63.49 for untreated and treated tannery effluent, respectively while in algal bioassay the EC₅₀ for chlorophyll was in between 0-2.5% and 100%, respectively, in untreated and treated effluent.

0501-077. Chandra Ram, Prasad RN (Dept Chem, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004). Deterioration of water quality during mass bathing in Surya Kund, Lohargal (Rajasthan). Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 63-64 [5 Ref].

Study is related to the deterioration in water quality of Surya Kund, Lohargal (Rajasthan) during the mass bathing of religious importance. Various water quality parameters have been studied. It is necessary to take adequate precautionary measures to prevent outbreak of any epidemics.

0501-078. Chandra Sekhar M, Umamahesh NV (Dept Civil Engng, Water Env Div, Natl Inst Techno, Warangal 506004). Mass balance approach for assessment of pollution load in the Krishna river. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(2)(2004), 159-171 [12 Ref].

River Krishna in the Southern Peninsula of India is a typical receiving water body of both point and non-point discharges. Comparisons between upstream and downstream monitoring sites reveal changes in the concentrations and load to the river. This information is used to discriminate between point and non-point source contribution to pollution. The results of the mass balances indicate that non-point sources to be major contributors to the pollutant loads. The non-point sources in the study area predominantly include pollution due to agricultural practices and activities, soil erosion, dissolution of soil minerals or combination of these sources.

0501-079. Chatterjee S, Mathew SB, Gupta VK* (*Dept Chem, Government VYTPG Autonomous Coll, Durg 491001). Colorimetric determination of traces of nitrate in various environmental and commercial samples. Cheml Environ Res, 13(1&2)(2004), 111-116 [20 Ref].

Leucocrystal violet (LCV) has been proposed as simple and sensitive chromogenic reagent for the determination of nitrate in various environmental and commercial samples. Nitrate is first reduced to nitrite with zinc in alkaline medium. The reduced nitrate reacts with acidified potassium iodide to liberate iodine. The liberated iodine reacts with leucocrystal violet to form crystal violet, whose colour is measured at 592 nm.

0501-080. Das Gautam Kumar, Datta Siddhartya (Dept Cheml Engng, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata 700032). Studies on the impact of water quality on the adjoining wetland ecosystem of Bidyadhari river, W. Bengal. Indian Sci Cruiser, 18(4)(2004), 16-21 [7 Ref].

Water quality of adjoining wetland ecosystem of Bidyadhari river basin has been gradually worsened due to admixture of industrial effluents with domestic sewage released from the Kolkata metropolis as well as from the different industries of Kolkata east through different canals. Pollutants from industrial sewage may cause biological magnification that ultimately leads to carcinogenic effect in the human body. Attempts are made to record some physico chemical parameters from six different stations of Bidyadhari river.

0501-081. Dhakad NK, Chaudhary Preeti (Government Holkar Sci Coll, Indore, MP). Hydrobiological study of Natnagra pond in Dhar district (M.P.) with special reference to water quality impact on potability, irrigation and aquaculture. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 269-272 [8 Ref].

Paper deals with the hydrobiological studies of Natnagra pond with special reference to physico-chemical characteristics. This pond plays an important role in maintaining the drinking water supply of Dhar district. It was found that the water is suitable for drinking only after proper treatment because of the presence of high level of coliforms. However, the water is suitable for irrigation and pisciculture.

0501-082. Dhar Gopal, Barat Sudip*, Mitra Dhar Kakali (*Aquacult Limno Lab, Dept Zoo, Univ North Bengal 734430, Dt. Darjeeling, West Bengal). Influence of the organophosphorus insecticide phosphamidon on lentic water. J Environ Bio, 25(3)(2004), 359-363 [17 Ref].

Phosphamidon significantly reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) at 1.8 mg/l exposure and reduced alkalinity at 0.9 and 1.8 mg/l. Hardness also reduced gradually but not significantly. Free carbondioxide was increased significantly at 1.8 mg/l of the insecticide compared to control. The insecticide had no influence on pH and temperature. There was maximum reduction of phytoplankton and zooplankton population at 1.8 mg/l of phosphamidon. The normal behaviour and feeding rate of air breathing teleost, Channa punctatus was also hampered. Therefore, phosphamidon even at low concentrations may create disorders in the aquatic ecosystem.

0501-083. Gautam Kalpana, Gautam RK (Dept Zoo, Sch Life Sci, Dr. BR Ambedkar Univ, Agra 282 002). Water quality assessment of Keetham lake and its impact on wild life toxicology. J Expt Zoo India, 8(1)(2005), 157-159 [3 Ref].

An assessment of water quality of Keetham lake has been done to know its impact on wild life toxicology of Sur Sarovar Wild Life Sanctuary. Different type of industrial discharge, fertilizers, pesticides reach to Keetham lake and contaminate it. As water quality relates to aquatic toxicology including biotic and abiotic components, numerous physicochemical characteristics such as pH, hardness, alkalinity, BOD, COD etc. often influence the water quality.

0501-084. Gawankar Kishore V, Pai Nandini (Maharashtra Polln Contl Bd, Navi Mumbai). Qualitative and quantitative determination of pesticides in water by gas liquid chromatography using mass spectrometer detector. Pestology, 28(7)(2004), 61-66 [4 Ref].

A gas chromatography method using mass spectrometer detector is proposed for qualitative and quantitative determination of pesticide residues in water using helium as a carrier gas. Seven pesticides have been included in this standard. Linear response was obtained within the concentration range of 0.8 to 8 ng/µl.

0501-085. Gupta K, Sharma Arti (Dept Zoo, Univ Jammu, Jammu 180 006). Macroinvertebrates as indicators of pollution. J Environ Bio, 26(2)(2005), 205-211 [29 Ref].

Various pollution indicators of stream Ban-Ganga have been identified on the basis of presence/absence/numerical abundance at various stations. They have been categorized as pollution tolerant, facultative and pollution intolerant groups in relation with the water quality at different stations of stream.

0501-086. Hasan MZ, Agarwal MM (Global Environ Agricl Cent, Aligang, Lucknow). Recycle and reuse of water. Our Earth, 1(3)(2004), 1-7.

Recycle and reuse of wastewater have become a need of time due to limited water resource. A large number of effluents, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater can be reused to a significant extent after suitable treatment. Several steps have been taken by India in the direction of pollution control employing reuse and recycle principle. The efforts have eventually resulted in the reuse of discharged treated effluents either in the same industry or for some other purposes. Paper discusses the various ways of recover and utilization of wastewater.

0501-087. Jain Rajeev, Sharma Nidhi, Bhargava Meenakshi (Dept Environ Chem, Jiwaji Univ, Gwalior 474 011). Electrochemical treatment of effluents from textile and dyeing industries. J Scient Indl Res, 63(5)(2004), 405-409 [19 Ref].

Paper reports the results of an efficient electrochemical removal of colour and reduction in toxicity of textile industry effluents. The electrochemical behaviour is analyzed and assessed in terms of removal of colour, decrease in absorbance, time taken to completely remove colour from the dye solution, decrease in chemical oxidation demand, total dissolved solids and disapperance of any reduction peak in colourless solution, thereby indicating the absence of electrochemically active break down product.

0501-088. Jayantha KS, Ranjana GR, Sheela HR, Modang Ritu, Shivananni YS (Maland Coll Engng, Hassan, Karnataka 573 201). Defluoridation studies using laterite material. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(4)(2004), 282-288 [5 Ref].

The studies were being conducted in a column with varying depths of laterite by keeping constant gravel depth. The flow varied for all the depths and the results obtained were found to be quite encouraging as compared to some of the established costly techniques. This technique can be employed in rural areas and places where expensive techniques like electrolytic precipitation, etc. cannot be adopted.

0501-089. Kannan V, Ramesh R, Sasikumar C (PG Res Dept Bot, National Coll, Tiruchirapalli 620 001). Study on ground water characteristics and the effects of discharged effluents from textile units at Karur District. J Environ Bio, 26(2)(2005), 269-272 [18 Ref].

A study made on the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples mixed with effluent discharged from textile industries at different sites revealed the elevated levels of Ca, Mg, Na, Cr, K, Ni, Cu, Zn, CO₃, SO₄, NO₃ and Cl. The concentrations of these ions exceeded the limit prescribed by ISI. Water at these sites was found to be hard, brackish and unsuitable for drinking purpose. In all these sites, the seed germination of rice alone was significantly affected among the other crops tested.

0501-090. Khan Tabrez A, Singh Ved Vati, Kumar D (Dept Chem, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110 025). Removal of some basic dyes from artificial textile wastewater by adsorption on Akash Kinari coal. J Scient Indl Res, 63(4)(2004), 355-364 [59 Ref].

The removal of three dyes, methylene blue, malachite green, and rhodamine B from aqueous solutions at different concentrations, pH and temperatures by Akash Kinari coal has been studied. It has been found that per cent adsorptions of methylene blue, malachite green, and rhodamine B onto the adsorbate decrease from 97.18 to 83.90, 89.16 to 79.77, and 78.40 to 67.35, respectively, when their concentrations in solutions are increased from 5 to 20 mg/L at 30±1 °C and at pH 6.8, 7.2 and 5.8 respectively.

0501-091. Kumar A, Singhal V, Joshi BD, Rai JPN* (*Dept Environ Sci, GB Pant Univ Agricl Techno, Pantnagar 263 145). Lysimeteric approach for ground water pollution control from pulp and paper mill effluent using different soil textures. J Scient Indl Res, 63(5)(2004), 429-438 [24 Ref].

An economically feasible and environment-friendly natural method of effluent treatment, i.e. lysimeteric/land treatment is suggested. The four types of soil textures viz., pure soil (ST₁), soil mixed with dand in ratio of 50:50 (ST₂), 75:25 (ST₃), and 25:75 (ST₄) are taken for lysimetric treatment of this effluent. The experiment shows that the normal soil (ST₁) reduces most of the selected parameters of effluent more efficiently that ST₄, however, the pH of the effluent is not changed significantly.

0501-092. Kumar Dinesh, Jain Mukta, Dhindsa SS, Devanda HS, Singh RV (Dept Chem, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004). Physico-chemical characteristics of Amanishah Nallah and neighbouring ground water sources in Sanganer, Jaipur. Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 71-74 [3 Ref].

Monitoring of Sanganer nallah and surrounding tube wells was carried out during rainy season. The results revealed that the discharge of untreated industrial effluents and sewage in to nallah have contributed considerable pollution in the ground water in its vicinal areas, and is harmful for use in agriculture and drinking purposes. The quality parameters were compared with the drinking water standards laid by WHO and ICMR. The levels of nitrate and fluoride concentration are high in tube well water samples, and need serious attention.

0501-093. Kumar Praveen, Sharma HB (Dept Zoo, BSA Coll, Mathura 281 004). Physico-chemical characteristics of lentic water of Radha Kunda (District-Mathura). Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 21-22 [10 Ref].

Physico-chemical properties of water of Radha Kunda (District Mathura, UP) were studied at three sampling stations. The values of BOD, COD and ammoniacal nitrogen were found above the permissible limits.

0501-094. Kumar Suresh, Sharma KP (Dept Bot, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004). Effects of retention time, interstitial volume and nutrients on degradation of an azo dye, methyl red, in fixed film bioreactors. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 179-184 [2 Ref].

Both, degradation and decolorisation of an azo dye, methyl red, have been examined in fixed film bioreactors with mixed cultures of bacteria and fungi at different retention periods of 1 and 0.6 days. The toxicity of methyl red decreased after its degradation in the bioreactors, especially when methyl red was supplemented with both organic and inorganic nutrients. Further, reduction in toxicity of modified bioreactor outflows was higher than that of normal bioreactor outflow.

0501-095. Kundu S, Kavalakatt SS, Pal A, Ghosh SK, Mandal M, Pal T (Dept Chem, Indian Inst Techno, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal). Removal of arsenic using hardened paste of Portland cement: batch adsorption and column study. Water Research, 38(17)(2004), 3780-3790 [51 Ref].

The HPPC (hardened paste of Portland cement) has been used as a low-cost adsorbent for removal of arsenic from water environment. Results from batch experiments, conducted at an initial concentration of 0.2 ppm (parts per million) of arsenate, suggest arsenate removal up to 95%. Kinetic profiles were developed for various conditions. Finally, column studies were undertaken involving the new HPPC to check the suitability of the material removal of total arsenic content from water body. Kinetic experiments for the removal of arsenic by column studies revealed a film diffusion mechanism.

0501-096. Lomate Varsha, Samant Jay (Dept Environ Sci, Mumbai Univ, Sub-Center, Ratnagiri). Drinking water pollution – a case study of Kolhapur city. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 217-222 [11 Ref].

A study on pollution of drinking water of Kolhapur city was carried out for two subsequent years during different seasons. The samples were analysed for physical chemical and microbiological parameters. The results were compared with the water quality standards of different agencies. The results obtained during the study were used to correlate the efficiency of the drinking water treatment methods used in the respective filter houses.

0501-097. Madhavi Lata K, Badrinath KVS* (* Forest Eco Div, Natl Remote Sensing Agency, Dept Space, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037). Characterization of aerosols and its radiative impacts over urban and rural environments – a case study from Hyderabad and Srisailam. Environ Polln, 132(3)(2004), 463-468 [14 Ref].

Study addresses the characterization of aerosols and their radiative impacts over urban (Hyderabad) and rural (Srisailam) environments by using aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from MICROTOPS-II sunphotometer. AOD measurements over the urban site showed high values compared to the rural site.

0501-098. Mahapatro TR (Dept Marine Sci, Berhampur Univ, Berhampur 760 007). Behaviour of calcium and magnesium in Rushikulya estuary (Orissa), east coast of India. Cheml Environ Res, 13(1&2)(2004), 141-151 [23 Ref].

Behaviour of major elements viz. calcium and magnesium has been studied in the well mixed Rushikulya estuary. These elements indicated an increasing trend in their concentrations from river to estuarine end. They exhibited higher concentrations in May-June and lower concentrations in July-September and were predominant in seawater. The ratios of Ca/Cl and Mg/Cl at varying chlorine concentrations were always within the normal oceanic ranges.

0501-099. Manzer MBH, Nehal M, Rahmatullah M (Univ Dept Zoo, LN Mithila Univ, Darbhanga, Bihar). Post and pretreatment bioecological studies of a hospital waste-fed urban pond in relation to water pollution. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 247-250 [21 Ref].

Physico-chemical analyses were carried out in a hospital waste-fed pond during post and pretreatment periods. In the pretreatment phase considerable variations in the water quality were observed. Maximum atmospheric temperature, water temperature, transparency, phosphate and chloride were recorded during summer, whereas pH, dissolved oxygen and calcium peaked during winter. In the post-treatment phase of the pond, the conditions drastically improved.

0501-100. Martin P, Innocent BX (Dept Zoo, AKGS Arts Coll, Srivaikundan 628 619). Impact of pollution on the species diversity of fin fishes in the south Indian river, Tamiraparani. Indian J Environ Sci, 8(2)(2004), 147-151 [19 Ref].

The highest diversity of fish species was noticed where human disturbance was minimal. In that site the contamination factor of heavy metal in water ranged between –0.98 and 4.36. The DO, BOD and COD values were 6.99, 2.94 and 15.62 mg/l respectively. Low diversity of fish species was observed where the textile-mill effluent entered the river. The contamination factor of heavy metal in water in the site showed higher values from 2.5 to 18.2.

0501-101. Mogra D, Agarwal R, Punjabi PB, Anita SC* (*Dept Chem, ML Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur 313 002, Rajasthan). Photochemical degradation of o-chlorobenzoic acid by photo-Fenton’s reagent. Cheml Env Res, 12(3&4)(2003), 227-235 [18 Ref].

The photochemical degradation of o-chlorobenzoic acid on titanium dioxide was carried out in the presence of Fenton’s reagent, and progress of the reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically. The effect of the variation of various parameters such as pH, concentration of o-chlorobenzoic acid, Fe³⁺ion concentration, amount of the photocatalyst, amount of hydrogen peroxide, light intensity etc. on the photodegradation of o-chlorobenzoic acid was observed. A tentative mechanism for this degradation has also been proposed.

0501-102. Murugesan S, Dhamodhar Kumar S, Chandrika D (Dept Bot, Pachaiyappa’s Coll, Chennai 600 030). Comparative study of ground water sources from central to western region of Chennai, India. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(1)(2005), 87-91 [11 Ref].

In order to assess the spatial and temporal changes in ground water quality, well sites of central to western region of Chennai were analysed. A significant level of variation was found in respect of various parameters. The results clearly indicate that the water of the well sites is severely degraded.

0501-103. Nageswara Rao VV, Prapurna Naga (Dept Civil Engng, Chaitanya Bharathi Inst Techno, Gandipet, Hyderabad 500 075). Statistical analysis of ground water quality parameters in an industrial area of Hyderabad. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(1)(2005), 139-142 [6 Ref].

Correlations among various ground water quality parameters were made with the data of 63 ground water samples collected from the Jeedimetla Industrial Estate in Hyderabad city. Various statistical models were applied to analyze the results, and the best fit out of all the models was chosen. The correlations were highly significant (>85%) between the parameters pH and alkalinity as well as for pH and cadmium content, which agree with a 3^rd degree polynomial. Similarly EC and DS as well as EC and hardness agree with a power fit model, EC and copper content with a sinusoidal model, and hardness and calcium content with the saturated growth rate model.

0501-104. Naik Jithender Kumar, Chapla Jayanth, Vasundhara Devi V (Dept Zoo, PG Coll Sci, Osmania Univ, Saifabad, Hyderabad 500 004). Effect of leather tannery effluent on certain hematological parameters of a fresh water common carp – Cyprinus carpio (Linnaens). Eco Env Conserv, 10(4)(2004), 533-535 [16 Ref].

Investigation aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of Cr compounds on certain haematological parameters in a fresh water common carp – Cyprinus carpio (Linn) exposed to 40 and 20% leather tannery effluent for a period of 28 days. A significant decrease in total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and haemoglobin concentration was observed, compared to the control.

0501-105. Namasivayam C, Kavita D (Environ Chem Div, Dept Environ Sci, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore 641 046). Removal of phenol and chlorophenols from water by coir pith carbon: equilibrium and rate studies. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(3)(2004), 217-232 [46 Ref].

Batch mode studies were conducted to study the removal of phenol, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) and Pentachlorophenol (PCP) from aqueous solution on coir pith carbon by adsorption process under varying experimental conditions such as agitation time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature. Equilibrium adsorption data follow Langmuir isotherm for phenol and PCP and the adsorption capacities were found to be 48.3 mg and 3.7 mg/g, respectively.

0501-106. Narasimha Prasad NB, Mansoor OA* (*PG Dept Applied Geo, MES Ponani Coll, Ponani 679 586). Assessment of groundwater quality status in Amini Island of Lakshadweep. J Environ Sci Engng, 47(1)(2005), 69-74 [6 Ref].

The assessment of groundwater quality status was carried out in Amini Island. Total hardness and salinity were found to be the most critical water quality parameters exceeding the permissible limits of drinking water standards. Spatial variation diagrams of salinity and hardness have been prepared for different seasons. It is also observed from these maps that the salinity and hardness are comparatively better on the lagoon side compared to the seaside. These maps also suggest that the salinity and the hardness problem is more in the southern tip compared to northern portion.

0501-107. Nayak BK, Acharya BC, Panda UC, Nayak BB, Acharya SK (Mineralogy Metallography Dept, Regl Res Lab, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Orissa). Variation of water quality in Chilka lake, Orissa. Indian J Marine Sci, 33(2)(2004), 164-169 [11 Ref].

The water quality parameters were studied for the entire Chilka lake covering a maximum of 23 sampling stations. The pH of water was alkaline throughout the lake and both pH and salinity varied widely. Higher pH with low salinity zones reflected disintegration of submerged weeds. Correlation analysis supported the increase of pH, high photosynthetic activity, high nutrients as well as phosphate depletion due to phytoplankton utilization in the fresh water zone.

0501-108. Neelavathi A, Chandra Sekhar KB, Ramesh Babu C, Jayaveera KN (Dept Chem, JNT Univ, Anantapur 515 001, AP). Removal of toxic Cr(VI) by the adsorption of activated carbons prepared from simarouba shells. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(2)(2004), 137-142 [14 Ref].

Removal of toxic Cr(VI) in aqueous medium was investigated using activated carbon adsorbents prepared from Simarouba glauca seed shells. The removal of Cr(VI) was in general most effective at pH range 2.0-4.0 and high Cr(VI) concentrations. Important characteristics of activated carbons were also investigated. The removal of Cr(VI) around 97% was observed with 1:2 impregnated activated carbon at pH 3.0 where as other adsorbent showed much lower activities.

0501-109. Nemade PD, Bendale SG, Pachpande DR, Bhole JB (Civil Engng Dept, JT Mahajan Coll Engng, Faizpur 425 524). Arsenic-removal technologies in Bangladesh and India: an insight. Env Polln Contl J, 7(6)(2004), 42-51 [14 Ref].

Paper reviewed the technologies used for arsenic removal in Bangladesh and India. All these technologies are found effective and safe for arsenic removal from tube well water. However, they need promotion and awareness for wider implementation in the acute arsenic problem areas to avoid ingestion of excessive arsenic through tube well water. The arsenic removal technologies are expected to improve further through adaptation in the rural environment of Bangladesh and India.

0501-110. Paul MK, Misra AK (Dept Chem, Lumding Coll, Lumding 782 447, Assam). An assessment of pollution of water used for domestic purposes in Lumding town, Assam, India. Nature Env Polln Techno, 3(4)(2004), 531-534 [2 Ref].

Study reports on the quality of water used for domestic purposes based on 12 parameters from 10 different sources in the area of Lumding and its vicinity. Water samples were collected in four seasons for two years and analysed for temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, acidity, free CO₂, bicarbonate, chloride, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium and magnesium. The result are discussed in relation to the health hazards due to water quality.

0501-111. Piska Ravi Shankar, Srinivas Ch, Vidyasagar G, Naik SJK (Dept Zoo, Univ Coll Sci, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad 500 007). The impact of pharmaceutical industrial effluents on the ground water of Mahaboobnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Aquacult, 6(1)(2005), 107-111 [19 Ref].

Study deals with the impact of industrial effluents of a pharmaceutical industry on ground water pollution in Mahaboobnagar. 15 points are selected around the pharmaceutical industry for analysis of water by selecting 16 parameters. All the parameters except sulphates, nitrates and fluorides are high and out side the permissible limits and responsible for groundwater pollution. The ground water is polluted and is not useful for drinking and agricultural uses.

0501-112. Prasad Bijay Bhushan, Eqbal Md Zahid, Ahmad Nasi (Dept Zoo, SNS Coll, Motihari 845 401). Biochemical parameters of soil of a sewage affected river of Himalayan region in relation to fish mortality. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 303-306 [15 Ref].

Siraswa river is a polluted waterbody of Himalayan origin. The soil of this river at the selected effluent point is sandy/loam. The pH was slightly alkaline with moderate phosphate concentration. Calcium and magnesium, sodium and potassium were in good amounts. The microbes were dominated by bacteria followed by the fungi and actinomycetes. The mortality data of fish were found to be related to the concentration of materials in water and the exposure period.

0501-113. Rajaram R, Srinivasan M, Rajasegar M (Cent Adv Std Marine Bio, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai 608 502). Seasonal distribution of physico-chemical parameters in effluent discharge area of Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore, south-east coast of India. J Environ Bio, 26(2)(2005), 291-297 [19 Ref].

Seasonal distribution of physico-chemical characteristics and nutrients has been studied at two stations of Uppanar estuary in relation to effluent discharges from SIPCOT industries. There are 44 industries discharging their effluents into Uppanar estuary, which may influence the biota. Nutrient concentrations were higher during monsoon season and low during summer season.

0501-114. Samal AC, Bhar G, Santra SC* (*Dept Environ Sci, Univ Kalyani, Kalyani 741 235, West Bengal). Biological process of arsenic removal using selected microalgae. Indian J Exptl Bio, 42(5)(2004), 522-528 [24 Ref].

Growth of the organisms was reduced due to presence of arsenic (III) and (V) in the culture medium. In comparison to arsenic (V), arsenic (III) had more toxic effect on microalgae. Among the different algal strains, blue green algal species Oscillatoria-Lyngbya mixed culture showed maximum efficiency in removing arsenic (64%) after 21 days of incubation and the same algal species could remove arsenic (III), but 60% after 21 days when incubated in 0.1 mg/l arsenic (III) containing medium. Maximum removal was observed at their exponential growth phase and also sometime extended to the stationary phase.

0501-115. Sawane AP, Puranik PG, Bhate AM (Dept Zoo, Anand Niketan Coll, Warora). Assessment of water quality of river Irai (Distt Chandrapur) on the basis of seasonal fluctuations in DO and BOD. J Ecoplysio Occupl Hlth, 4(1&2)(2004), 117-121 [5 Ref].

Study deals with assessment of pollution status of river Irai (Dist. Chandrapur). The increased values of BOD in river water are indicative of increased quantity of industrial effluents. The reduced DO content is due to hot ash slurry from thermal power plant. The analysis of river water to assess potability indicates that it is adversely affected by industrial effluents. The data collected from present study reveals that there is inverse relationship between DO and BOD and potability of Irai river water is below the standard permissible limit.

0501-116. Sharma Dinesh, Verma Sunita, Tomar Radha* (*Sch Std Chem, Jiwaji Univ, Gwalior 474 011). Studies on the sorption of As(III) on the synthetic gel sodium potassium fluorophlogopite. J Environ Sci Engng, 47(1)(2005), 37-42 [13 Ref].

Sorption of As(III) has been studied on the synthesized gel close to sodium potassium fluorophlogopite [Na_0.5 K_0.5 Mg₃ (Si₃ AlO₁₀) F₂] as a function of initial solution concentration at pH 2,4 and 7. The effect of parameters like equilibration time (0.5 – 24.0 hr), weight of the exchanger (30-150 mg) and temperature (25º-45ºC) has been investigated. The uptake of metal ion, As(III) has been expressed in terms of distribution coefficient i.e. (kd) values.

0501-117. Sharma JD, Jain P, Sohu D (Reproductive Physio Env Toxico Lab, Dept Zoo, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004). Quality status of groundwater of Sanganer tehsil in Jaipur district. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 207-212 [15 Ref].

The physico-chemical analysis of potable water samples from villages of Sanganer, Jaipur was carried out in laboratory using standard techniques. The results revealed that pH, EC and alkalinity of all the samples were very high which can be correlated with high TDS and chloride. Twenty eight percent villages contained high fluoride concentration than permissible limit i.e., 1.5 ppm. A positive correlation was observed between pH and fluoride, TDS and EC. Hardness showed negative correlation with fluoride and pH.

0501-118. Sharma Moti R, Gupta AB, Bassin JK (M-26, Housing Board Colony, Hamirpur 170 001, Himachal Pradesh). Effect of pollution on dissolved oxygen concentration in Hathli stream of Shivalik Himalayas. Indian J Environ Sci, 8(2)(2004), 109-112 [7 Ref].

Paper addresses the effect of pollution on dissolved oxygen content (DO) in a Shivalik Himalayan stream during early hours of day in the summer season. The study showed that the dissolved oxygen in the stream is below 4mg/l in a stretch of 2600m and therefore water is not fit for public supply, bathing, wildlife and fish culture.

0501-119. Sharma Moti Ram, Gupta AB (Irrigation Publ Hlth Dept, M-26, Housing Board Colony, Hamirpur 177 001, HP). Rapid BOD assimilation in Hathli stream of outer Himalayas. Nature Env Polln Techno, 3(4)(2004), 451-454 [9 Ref].

Hathli is sub-tributary of River Beas in outer Himalayas, and getting polluted due to wastewater of Hamirpur town. A surface water quality model, Stream-I, developed for Ganga Action Plan was calibrated for one set of data collected freshly. The study revealed that the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) deoxygenation rate constant for this hilly stream is much higher than the values reported in the available literature for major rivers of the world. It should be selected very carefully during water quality modeling of streams in hilly regions.

0501-120. Sharma Subhasini, Sharma Shweta, Kumar Suresh, Soni Protima, Bhardwaj Kamal Kishore, Grover Ruby, Suryavathi V, Sharma KP (Dept Zoo, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004). Comparative effects of two household detergent on the producer (algal communities) and consumer (fish) in the oligotrophic and entrophic microcosms. Indian J Environ Sci, 8(2)(2004), 95-102 [15 Ref].

Percentage fish mortality was low and almost similar to control treatment (<10%), when they were exposed to low concentration (10 ppm) of detergents Henko and Surf excel for 30 days (chronic exposure) in the oligotrophic microcosms developed in the University Botanical garden. The RBC counts however, decreased in the detergent treatments (Surf excel = 58%; Henko = 40%). Algal species richness (20-40%), their density (20-90%) and a diversity (5-20%) were also greater in the detergent treatments.

0501-121. Singh Asha Lata, Kulshreshtha Umesh C, Venkata Mohan S, Sarma PN* (* Analyt Div, Indian Inst Cheml Techno, Hyderabad 500 007). Fe(II) speciation and its uptake by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens from industrial waste water. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(4)(2004), 277-281 [20 Ref].

Studies were carried out to remove Fe(II) from wastewater using free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Studies with free and immobilized cells revealed that immobilized cells are more efficient for removal of Fe(II) than free cells. Fe(II) uptake with Pseudomonas fluorescens is also investigated after the addition of NaCl and MgCl₂ to the cells. It is found that the uptake has increased when sodium chloride and magnesium chloride mixed cells are used.

0501-122. Singh KK, Rupaniwar DC, Hasan SH* (*Water Polln Res Lab, Dept Appl Chem, Inst Techno, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi 221 005). Removal of lead from wastewater with rice polish. Cheml Env Res, 12(3&4)(2003), 243-254 [22 Ref].

Rice polish, a low cost biosorbent has been used for the removal of lead(II) from wastewater. The conditions for the optimum removal of lead(II) (95.5%) were found as: pH6.5, initial Pb(II) concentration, 4.0 mgl^-1 and temperature 20ºC. Dynamics of the sorption process were studied and the values of Kad (rate constant of adsorption), k_id (rate constant of intraparticle diffusion) and the rate parameter (b₁S_s) were calculated. Mass transfer of Pb(II) from the bulk to the solid phase viz. rice polish has also been studied at different temperatures.

0501-123. Singh Omkar, Kumar Vijay, Rai SP (Natl Inst Hydro, Jal Vigyan Bhawan, Roorkee 247 667). Water quality aspects of some wells, springs and rivers in parts of the Udhampur district (J&K). J Environ Sci Engng, 47(1)(2005), 25-32 [19 Ref].

Water samples were collected from wells, springs and rivers/streams during pre and post monsoon seasons to evaluate drinking water quality on the basis of BIS and irrigation water quality. The study showed alkaline nature of surface and ground water. Calcium and magnesium are dominating cations and bicarbonate is major anion in the study area. At some locations the concentration of TDS, Mg, Ca, total hardness, Fe, Mn and Cr exceeded the limits set up for drinking purposes. Water quality evaluation for irrigation purposes on the basis of SAR values indicates excellent category of water.

0501-124. Singh RP, Mathur P (Dept Environ Std, MDS Univ, Ajmer 305 009). Investigation of variations in physico-chemical characteristics of a fresh water reservoir of Ajmer city, Rajasthan. Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 57-61 [15 Ref].

Study deals with the physico-chemical studies of an ancient but famous fresh water lake ‘Ana Sagar’ Ajmer, Rajasthan. Data were collected over a period of six months. The result obtained in the investigation shows that this lake is highly polluted, its water is extremely alkaline and the nitrate and phosphates are high in comparison to standard limits as of an eutrophic lake.

0501-125. Singh Vijendra, Singh Chandel CP* (*Dept Chem, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 014, Rajasthan). Water quality of groundwater and wastewater of Jaipur city for irrigation purpose. Aquacult, 6(1)(2005), 25-31 [21 Ref].

Groundwater and wastewater samples from ‘Amanishah Nala’ and hand pump of seven industrial areas and adjacent localities of Jaipur city were analyzed during monsoon session with the help of standard methods of APHA and Black. The values obtained were compared with standards of ISR, ICMR and WHO. The concentrations of various parameters are within permissible limits in both groundwater and wastewater but definite contaminations with special reference to EC, TDS and COD in wastewater have been observed which calls for at least primary treatment of wastewater before being used for irrigation.

0501-126. Sinha AK, Musturia Yashoda (Dept Geo, Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004). High fluoride groundwater in Chaksu Tehsil, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Indian J Environ Sci, 8(2)(2004), 103-107 [14 Ref].

The higher value of fluoride in the upper unconfined aquifers in comparison to that of the deeper aquifers reveal that it is only the unconfined zone, consisting of weathered mantle, which represents the main source for fluoride in groundwater. Suggestions have been incorporated for ameliorating the adverse high fluoride content in groundwater by blending it with calcium rich surface water through artificial recharge techniques and removing the fluoride from the solution in groundwater.

0501-127. Somasekhara Reddy MC (Dept Chem, GPR Engng Coll, Kurnool 518 002). New reagent for determination of trace levels of nitrate in environmental samples. J Scient Indl Res, 63(2)(2004), 172-176 [15 Ref].

A local industrial product, an intermediate dye, disodium salt of 4,4-diaminostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid is introduced as a new reagent for a selective and sensitive spectrophotometric determination method of trace levels of nitrate in environmental samples like, water and soil. The stable water soluble pink azo dye formed under aqueous alkaline condition has an adsorption maximum at 520 nm. The method is applied to the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples and the results are compared with the results obtained from the standard method.

0501-128. Subramanian V (Sch Environ Sci, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi 110 067). Water quality in South Asia. Asian J Water Env Polln, 1(1&2)(2004), 41-54 [33 Ref].

There are significant differences in the water chemistry of the Himalayan and southern peninsular rivers. Large and small rivers also show different types of water quality. Liquid and solid waste definitely contribute to water quality in urban centers and even coastal regions. The sub-continent also suffers from problems associated with fluoride and also arsenic in different parts. Water quality studies in such aspects as POP, heavy metals and microbiology are urgently needed.

0501-129. Talnikar VD, Pant KK, Shukla NP (Inst Techno Manag, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh). A field study and continuous removal of fluoride in a packed column. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(4)(2004), 289-292 [6 Ref].

The synthetic water performance in the light of fluoride removal was studied and compared with the actual fluoride contaminated water of different selected water collection stations. An indegeneous activated alumina was used as adsorbent. The performance of the column for fluoride contaminated water was about 94% fluoride reduction at a pH value of 7.0 and the presence of the total dissolved solids 2114 mg/l in subsoil water decreased the fluoride removal by 5%.

0501-130. Thilaga A, Subhashini S, Sobhana S, Logan Kumar K (PG Res Dept Zoo, Kongunadu Arts Sci Coll, Coimbatore 641 029). Studies on nutrient content of the Ooty lake with reference to pollution. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 299-302 [10 Ref].

The Ooty lake in Tamil Nadu is currently heavily infested with water hyacinth and other aquatic weeds. The water was found to have significant quantities of nutrients including eutrophication causing nitrogen and phosphorus, which have arrived mainly due to discharge of municipal sewage and surrounding runoff. The phosphate has reached up to a maximum of 12.2 µg/ml which is much higher as far as eutrophication is concerned.

0501-131. Thorat PR, Pathade GR (Dept Microbio, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi 413 411). Treatment of textile industry wastewater by chemical coagulation process. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 233-236 [2 Ref].

Studies were undertaken for the removal of colour and COD from textile industry wastewater by using chemical coagulation process. The different chemical coagulants used were alum, aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate. It was found that there was 90-97% colour removal and 30-36% COD was removed from the waste. To reduce time required for flocculation and sedimentation, some anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes were used which reduced half of the time required for flocculation and sedimentation.

0501-132. Thosar MR, Lonkar AN (Dept Zoo, Inst Sci, Nagpur 440 001). Respiratory response of male fish Lebistes reticulatus (Peters) exposed to sublethal concentrations of insecticide, Metasystox. J Ecophysio Occupl Hlth, 4(1&2)(2004), 67-71 [9 Ref].

The respiratory response in terms of oxygen consumption was recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. At 24 hours exposure, the decrease in oxygen consumption is noted at 2.15 mg/l concentration while increase in oxygen consumption at 4.30 mg/l concentration is noted. At 48 hours exposure, increase in oxygen consumption is recorded at both the concentrations. At 72 hours exposure, the decrease in oxygen consumption in both the concentrations is noted but decrease is more at higher sublethal concentration. At 96 hours, again fall in oxygen consumption is recorded. The results are discussed in relation to concentrations of Metasystox, duration of exposure and also with the recovery in oxygen consumption rates.

0501-133. Vaishya RC, Gupta Sudhir Kumar (Dept Civil Engng, Motilal Nehru National Inst Techno, Allahabad 211 004). Batch kinetic modeling of arsenic removal from water by mixed oxide coated sand (MOCS). J Environ Sci Engng, 46(2)(2004), 123-136 [25 Ref].

A new granular media developed by coating of iron and manganese on quartz sand surface proved to be effective for arsenic (III) removal from water. The media has shown alkali resistance. The rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacity and normalized standard deviations were calculated for all the three models. It was shown that all three models almost accurately predict the sorption capacity with respect to time for whole range of data points.

0501-134. Venkatasubramani R, Murali K, Meenambal T (Dept Civil Engng, VLB Janakiammal Coll Engng Techno, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore 641 042). Ground water quality index for Coimbatore east zone. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(2)(2005), 199-202 [2 Ref].

The groundwater quality of different wards of Coimbatore east zone was assessed by examining various physico-chemical parameters. The water quality index (WQI), calculated for five parameters of these samples, ranged between 75 and 100. The results show that the water is suitable for domestic purposes.

0501-135. Vishnoi SR, Srivastava PN (Dept Bot, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur 342 005). Seasonal pollution assessment through comparative hydrobiological studies in river Jojari at Salawas, Jodhpur. Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 33-34 [2 Ref].

Water samples collected from three different sites of river was subjected to hydrobiological studies. It was found that the pH, chloride, salinity, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen and TDS were absolutely higher than the standard values of portable water on account of contamination of river due to industrial effluents. The river has become unsuitable for the growth and survivability of aquatic flora and fauna. The pollution impact was found to be predominant during summer and minimal during monsoon season.

0501-136. Wagh SP, Shrivastava VS (Cent PG Res Chem, GTP Coll, Nandurbar 425 412). Impact of heavy metals on soils and ground water. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(1)(2005), 93-96 [29 Ref].

The samples of sewage, industrial sludges and ground waters were collected from various places in Nashik city. The concentration of metals was determined by ICP-AES to evaluate the strength of pollution in soil and ground water. The degree of metal pollution and suitability of ground water for drinking were evaluated. Out of the metals, the concentration of Cu and Zn were above the limits of WHO and ISI for drinking, whereas Fe was much higher, especially in industrial areas. Cd, Pb, Ni, As and Hg were almost absent in the ground water samples.