The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India vide its notification dated 23.7.89 made rules called Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Under Rule-3, the State Govt. has to undertake a continuing programme to identify the site and compile and publish periodically an inventory of disposal site within the State for disposal for hazardous wastes. In addition, the State Govt. shall undertake an Environment Impact study before identifying the site as waste disposal site in the State. As a follow-up, the State Govt. with the help of Haryana State Pollution Control Board identified one hazardous waste disposal site in district Faridabad at Pali. The EIA of the hazardous wastes disposal site was got done from NPC, Delhi. As per EIAR (EIA Report), there are 227 hazardous wastes generating units in Faridabad and Ballabhgarh area and these units after recycling / recovering are generating 5300 tonnes per annum hazardous wastes. Out of approx. 32 acre land earmarked for development of hazardous wastes disposal site, the NPC has recommended an area of 3 hectares for development of centralised hazardous wastes disposal site. The EIA report was scruitinised and was discussed in detail on 9.12.98 with Administrator, Pollution Control Board and representatives of NPC. Certain shortcoming were noticed in EIA report i.e.

1. Contour of the ground water table has not been enclosed with the report.

2. Method of the proper transportation has not been given.

3. Details about the system of collection of different type of hazardous wastes has not been given.

4. Details of the leachate collection and treatment has not been given.

5. Key plan of the facility has also not been included.

But the reply from NPC is still awaited on these points. It is pertinent to mention here that Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India have released an amount of Rs.5.00 lakhs for conducted the EIA for this site.

The State Govt. has already identified five acre shamlat land in village Khewra, Tehsil Rai, Distt. Sonepat for disposal of hazardous wastes generated for distt. Sonepat. The State Govt. has already sent this case for releasing financial assistance for conducting EIA studies to MoEF, GoI vide Director of Environment letter No.1120 dated 9.10.98, 5860 dated 22.12.98 and reminder on 23.1.99. While sending the case, khasra plan of the area, resolution of the gram panchayat, jamabandi plan and a summary were also sent to GOI with the request to release financial assistance for carrying out EIA studies. No response till date has been received.

The hazardous wastes disposal site at village Kherka Gujjar in Distt. Jhajjar was identified on 13.6.97. The resolution of gram panchayat was also taken. However, the case could not be sent to MoEF because of want of khasra plan and jamabandi plan. In the meantime, the village Panchayat vide their resolution dated 27.7.98 revoked their earlier resolution for giving this land measuring 10 acre for development of hazardous wastes disposal site, as conveyed by Regional Office, Bahadurgarh vide its letter dated 18.8.98. In response Dy. Commissioner, Jhajjar has been requested vide D.O. communication from Director-cum-Jt. Secretary with the request to impress upon the gram panchayat to adhere to their earlier resolution dated 13.6.97 for giving their barren land for development of hazardous wastes disposal site. Similarly, Director, Panchayat had also been requested to impress upon the gram panchayat for adhering to their earlier resolution dated 13.6.97. Reminder to this aspect was also issued on 28.1.99 but no follow-up action has been received so far.

As per the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989, it is essential to develop and implement effective hazardous wastes management system. Therefore the hazardous wastes generated have to be inventorised and EIA studies have to be carried out for site identification of hazardous wastes disposal sites. Keeping this in view the Deptt. of Environment, Haryana has entrusted the National Productivity Council, New Delhi to carry out the EIA study to find the suitability of the identified site for development of Centralised hazardous waste disposal facility as per the Ministry of Environment & Forests guidelines.

This report pertains to the Inventorisation of hazardous wastes genration in Faridabad, followed by EIA studies for identified site for hazardous wastes disposal and basic design of secured landfill.

This list of hazardous wastes generating units was prepared from the information provided by Haryana Pollution Control Board (HPCB) and Industrial Associations of Faridabad. Representative units in different sectors were selected in consultation with HPCB. A field study was then undertaken in April 1998 to do the inventorisation of hazardous wastes in Faridabad. Wherever information regarding waste generation could not be quantified, past experience of NPC was used.

Out of a total of 15000 operating units, 227 units have been identified as hazardous wastes generating. They are classified into following sectors: Asbestos, Basic Drugs and Pharmaceuticals. Chemical, Dye and dye intermediate, Engineering and Metal Finishing units, Paints, Pesticides. Textile dying and Printing. Waste oil processing. Maximum number of units fall under Engineering and Metal Finishing (54.2%) followed by Textile dying and Printing (26%).

The total quantity of hazardous wastes generation in the study area is 6182 TPA. Out of which maximum quantity of waste is from Textile dyeing and Printing (64%), followed by Asbestos (18%). This waste was classified based on their composition and source of generation according to the 18 categories of hazardous wastes as listed in Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989. Maximum type of waste is ETP sludge (74%) from textile dying units, Engineering and Metal Finishing units, Chemical units, etc. followed by Asbestos Sludge (18%) from Asbestos cement Mfg. Unit.

Out of the total waste generation, 147 TPA from paints, pesticide formulation. Drugs and Pharmaceuticals could be recycled within the plant after decontamination. 297 TPA has to be incineration and ash has be disposal in secured landfill. And 4598 TPA has to undergo physical pretreatment prior to disposal. Total of 5800 TPA of waste would be required to be disposed off in the secured landfill area. Land requirement required for such facility has been estimated with a life of 15 years and margin of 10% excess to be 30 hectres.

The proposed site for the disposal of hazardous wastes from Faridabad has been identified by Department of Environment (Haryana) and HPCB, Faridabad. As per the information provided by HPCB officials, the site has been acquired by the Minicipal Corporation of Fariabad and notified for the development landfill facility.

The site comes under the revenue boundary of Village Pali. It is located in the stone crusher zone of Faridabad about 2 km. from the Gurgaon-Faridbad road and is 8 km. from Ballabgarh.

In order to select the most suitable site for the disposal of hazardous wastes in Faridabad region, the available environmental settings of the identified site has been evaluated as per the evaluation criteria. The identified site does not have any negative parameters to be rejected based on knock out criteria. the site was therefore taken for detailed investigation based on generation information like transportation, geological / hydrogeological environment components and socio-economic features. After detailed investigation, identified site has been found to be suitable for development as a secured landfill facility as per the guidelines. Therefore, it is recommended that the identified site may be developed as a secured landfill site.

Based on the quantity of hazardous wastes generation, are required for development of secured landfill facility is estimated with following assumptions:

Rate of increase in generation in hazardous wastes per annum = 3%

Life span of the landfill = 15 years

Factor of safety = 0%

For 5800 TPA of waste to be disposed off area requirement for of secured landfill facility would be 3 hectres.

For the management of hazardous wastes, a coordinated effect at all level i.e. industry and government is required. Keeping this in view, a hazardous wastes management system has been evolved in order to assigning the responsibilities of different agencies involved in the management of hazardous wastes for the management of hazardous wastes in Faridabad.

1. INDUSTRY – Unit level

Industries have great role to play in the management of hazardous wastes. As per the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989, the sole responsibility for the management of hazardous wastes lies with the industries. The industries generating hazardous wastes have to obtain authorisation consent from State Pollution Control Board for using the Centralised Secured Landfill Facility.

In order to have a cost-effective waste management system, the following strategy has to be adopted.

The treatment and disposal of wastes does cost money to the industries. Therefore, the first priority to the industries should be to avoid the generation of wastes right at the source to the large extent. The waste generation can be avoided by adopting waste minimistation, resource recovery, recycle and reuse (on-site and off-site) options.

The unavoidable waste has to be stored properly for further treatment and disposal. The waste has to be stored in compatible containers with proper labeling. The large and medium scale units can have a separate storage area within the plant premises.

Transportation is the weakest link in the entire hazardous wastes management system. While transporting the waste proper care must be taken and record should be maintained for the transported waste. It must be ensured that the waste reaches the proper destination and is not dumped on the way.

The waste should be treated to meet the disposal standards if any. Therefore, a pre-treatment in the form of dewatering, neutralisation, detoxification and volume reduction is required to be carried out at the unit level. The treated waste has to be disposed in the Centralised Secured Landfill Facility in scientific manner. In any case, the indiscriminate disposal of hazardous wastes should be avoided.

Waste management company association may be formed by group of industry to develop and manage the landfill facility.

The facility may be developed jointly by the Government and the association. Industries with the industry sharing the cost for development and operation of the landfill. The modalities for procurement of funds towards development of SLF can be worked out in consultation with MoEF and Financial Institutions.

The common facility may be developed, operated and maintained jointly by the industries. It is recommended to form a Waste Management Company / association for the management of industrial hazardous wastes. The company has to report to HPCb for authorisation and the operation of the facility shall be monitored by HPCB.

At government level, a coordinated efforts are required between various departments viz. Department of Industries, Department of Environment & Forests, District Administration, Haryana Pollution Control Board and Department of Environment & Forests (DOE &F).

HPCB is a statutory body for the implementation of environmental rules and regulations. In addition to the authorisation for the generation of waste and operation of facility, they have approve the design of the landfill facility as well. HPCB is also required to monitor the construction, operation and closure of the facility and to monitor the facility after the closure.

The diagrammatic representation of the Hazardous Waste Management System for Faridabad is show in the following page.

4. HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

1. Inventorisation (Quantity and Quality of Hazardous Wastes being generated and used in the States)

The H.P. State Pollution Control Board has carried out the inventorisation of the units generating hazardous wastes based on product process details including the quantity and type of waste being genrated by the respective units. Most of the units are of small scale in nature although may not strictly fall under the Hazardous Wastes category as per schedule – I in terms of yearly quantification. Since the inventorisation is a continuous process more and more such units are added in the list. At present 67 units have been identified. The Board Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989.

2. Ceospread of Hazardous Wastes Handling Units in the States

Most of the units identified so far are located in the district of Solan followed by the district Sirmour and Una.

Out of 67 units identified, 17 units are not presently under production, 44 units have been given authorisation for on site storage for the specific time period. 7 units were served with the notice to apply for authorisation under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, two units have been issued with the closure notice and 4 units were found not covered under the Hazardous Wastes Management Rules (The case of 68 units are under process for grant of authorisation).

4. legal Action Initiated and Taken

As stated above, 7 units have been served with notice under section 5 of EPA. 2 units have been issued with the closure notice.

5. Setting up of Hazardous Wastes Treatment & Disposal Facility

EIA study for identification & development of Hazardous Wastes Disposal Site in district Solan has been completed, EIA study for district Sirmour is at completion stage. The proposal for funding for the development Hazardous Wastes Disposal Facility in district Solan has been submitted to the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India. Due to lack of availability of financial resources, the work has been delayed. The Board proposes to conduct the pre-feasibility studies of treatment of hazardous wastes. The proposal for the same has been submitted to the MEF for funding.

The H.P. State Pollution Control Board is the first Board in the country to launch operation Clentech a project to provide know how for process modification to eliminate discharge of pollutants at source rather than the conventional end of pipe treatment. Eight industrial units have been successful brought to zero discharge levels or drastic reduction of over 80% in pollution load. The Board has also made pioneering efforts in persuading the number of industrial units in minmising the waste by adopting the process of segreation, recycling through recovery and of chemical change in technology so far.

The Board proposes to launch a formal waste exchange to facilitate reprocessing of industrial waste for value addition to prevent pollution. Waste minimisation circles are proposed to be established at local levels with the involvement of industry and NGOs. The Board also proposes to conduct the Environmental audit of major industries in an organised manner at unit levels with a view to adopt waste minimiation programme.

So far such units have not been identified where the Hazardous Wastes is being imported.

All units identified as generating the Hazardous Wastes are presently instructed to store the waste within the factory premises. However, for the transportaion of waste being generated by the unit to the facility for final treatment and disposal, the safety measures need to be framed and adopted.

9. Incentive for Waste Exchange, Minimisation and Recycing

No financial incentive has so far been offered. However, adoption of waste minimisation technology not only reduces the incidence of pollution but also improve profitability.

In addition to the information given at point 6. The H.P. State Board has set up constancy division to carry out diagnostic studies and provide know-how or environmental technologies for clean production. The Board proposes to carryout unit level studies for introducing cleaner technologies under the demonstration project.

Computerisation of existing inventory of quantity and quality of hazardous wastes has been done and information on hazard potential is being collected. The Board proposes to establish the network facilities for the retrieval and dissemination of information for the effective management of hazardous chemicals and wastes.

The Board has organised seminar on clean technology and waste recycling and minimisation with technical collaboration with the National Productivity Council to educate industries in this aspects. The technical and scientific personnel of the Board are also deputed for attending the training programme sponsored by the State and the Government of India under various schemes. The Board proposes to organise a intensive training programme for the field officers to apprise about the effective implementation of the regulations.

In order to implement the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989, the Board requires strengthening its capability both in terms of man power and the facilities for conducting the field level studies, monitoring and testing in the laboratory.

To conduct the unit level study establishment of Environmental Audit Cell is proposed. A proposal for the same at the cost of Rs.48.46 lakhs has been submitted to the Ministry of Environment & Forests for funding.

A proposal for strengthening of the field testing facilities amounting to Rs.44.89 lakhs has also been sent to MEF for funding. A project proposal for implementation of Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989 with particular reference to the provision of development studies for hazardous waste at an estimated cost of Rs.4.00 lakh is pending with the Ministry for the grant of financial assistance.

For the effective management of Hazardous Chemicals and the Wastes a deep understanding of the subject in terms of know-how of the chemistry of process and technologies is required. Thus requirement of the training to update with the latest development in the field is a continuous process. The Board proposes to train its scientists and engineers periodically under the various schemes of Govt. of India.

The H.P. State Pollution Control Board’s approach to the Hazardous Wastes Management would in brief comprise of the following activities at an estimated cost state against :

Sub: Facilities for Hazardous Wastes Management – reg.

In response to the letter cited under reference, please find here the following about the facility available with the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board for the management of hazardous wastes.

Immediately after notification of the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989, the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board has taken action to identify the hazardous wastes generating industries as well as the hazardous wastes landfill sites by entrusting the same to a consultant.

The report of the consultant was verified, scrutinised and accordingly 288 hazardous waste generating industries were identified. Subsequently, the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board approached German Government through State Government for financial and technical assistance for identification of land fill sites, construction and design of the same. This has resulted in sanctioning of 3 million D.M. for technical cooperation and 15 million D.M. for financial cooperation from the German Government.

The State Board to manage the activities under the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989 and also for the purpose of regulating the industries to temporarily store the hazardous waste with in the premises. As Karnataka State Pollution Control Board has established a separate hazardous waste cell in the Head Office during 1996. This cell comprises the following officers.

For the purpose of visiting the industries and monitoring the generation and disposal practice adopted by industries including recommendation for grant of authorisation or otherwise the field staff available in the state were utilised. These staffs are looking into the implementation part of the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989, in addition to the regular work under the Water and Air Acts. At present the Board has established fifteen Regional Offices and Three Divisional Offices in the entire State. The details of staffing pattern are given in organisation charge enclosed as Annexure-I(A) & I(B).

In order to cooperate with the additional activity of the Board the State Government, during August 1997 have sanctioned 76 Assistant Environmental officer post in addition to the staff already existing. The above additional staff was sanctioned considering the work involved in the implementation of the Hazardous Wastes (Managing & Handling) Rules, 1989 and recruitment are being made for part of the Technical Staff considering the financial position of the Board.

In addition to the above the Board has also obtained sanction for establishment of separate sanction in the Central Laboratory at Head Office, Bangalore to exclusively handled the hazardous wastes analysis work. The staffing pattern sanctioned are given below:

At present efforts are being made in the laboratory available staff are utilised for analysis purpose. However, separate staff to deal exclusively the hazardous waste analysis work i.e. yet to be posted. The staffing pattern in the laboratory is given in Annexure II.

The laboratory facility available with details of equipment available with the Board including the details that are required for the laboratory are given in Annexure III. Besides the present capability of laboratory to analyse the type of samples and waste category is given in Annexure – IV and the list of equipment required in cost is enclosed in Annexure – V.

sd/-

for Member Secretary

1. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 	1 No.
2. Gas Chromotograph 					1 No.
3. UV/visible spectrophotometer 			1 No.
4. Microwave Digestor 					1 No.
5. Mercuty Analyser 					1 No.
6. TOC Analyser 						1 No.
7. Metler balance 						1 No.
8. Digestion a Distillation apparatus 		1 No.
9. Specific 							1 No.
    You meter	(Cl, S2, NH2, CO2, NO2)
			(Nox, Electrodes)
10. Rotary evaporate 					1 No.
11. Dosimeter 							1 No.
12. Facility available to conduct
      Toxicity and Bio-Assay 1 Set
13. D.O. Meter 						2 Nos.

Rupees thirty-one lakh work of equipments are required to strengthen the existing laboratory of Karnataka State Pollution Control Board to handle the analysis of all 18 categories of hazardous wastes and also the existing staff required the advanced training on hazardous wastes sample analysis.

6. KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

The Board commenced its activities in this field by addressing all significant industries to conduct emergency planning, in the wake of the Bhopal tragedy. About 100 industries are now covered under authorisation administration under the Hazardous Wastes Rules. The Board is involved in crisis management groups at various levels in the State. The Board has a crucial role to perform when hazards occur or hazard potentials are created in accidents in industrial premises or during transport. The Board is in the process of updating the inventory of hazardous wastes generating industries.

One post each of Senior Environmental Engineer and Assistant Environmental Scientist were created in 1990 utilising the funds provided by the MEF vide letter No.13.3/88-HSMD dated 30.1.1989 through the Science, Technology and Environment Department (STED) of the State Govt. Even though the Board spent money far in excess of the allocation by the MEF for maintenance of the manpower for many years, additional funds were not provided by the MEF on the ground that the STED and the Department of Factories & Boilers, who had received funds alongwith the Board in 1989, had not furnished utilisation certificates and had not complied with the subsequent direction by the MEF to transfer the said funds to this Board. In the absence of funds, the Board found difficulty in maintaining exclusive manpower for hazardous wastes management. Hence the work is not done by the following staff:

They ought to be full time devoted to the work but, due to non-availability of specific funds, can be allotted only part-time to hazard management.

Unavailability of vehicles is a serious constraint in conducting inspections. The aforesaid officers share one vehicle with other officers in the Head Office. Proposal to procure a vehicle with portable chromatograph, solid waste sampling equipment, ground / surface water sampling equipment, personal monitors, personal protective gear, etc. is yet to materialise.

Besides the mobile laboratory and sampling equipment mentioned in pre-para, the Board is need of analytical equipment also. Equipments to test for reactivity, corrosivity and ignitability are not available. Leachate extraction facility is not available. Two A.A.S. and one G.L.C. are very old. One A.A.S. received recently (and being commissioned) under the Indo-Dutch Programme is the only relief. Our request to the MEF to finance procurement of an ion chromatograph was not sanctioned as the CPCB did not quite favour it. Analysis is required to establish the applicability of the HWR. to various industris. The Customs Department is often requesting the Board to help the identifying imported wastes. The Board is often unable to do justice to the requirement of provision analysis for such purposes.

Books, periodicals, CDs and video tapes on the subject of hazardous waste management and crisis management are very much required. The materials, including WHO and IPCS publications, are often very costly. A centralised system need be developed for procurement of such data sources and dissemination to the State Boards.

Computerisation in the Hazards wing in the Board is essential for accessing MEF’s web-site, for accessing technical data from various sources and for dissemination collection of data to / from the Board’s 9 Regional / District Officer and the Central Laboratory. All the aforesaid offices are being provided with computers under the Indo-Dutch project on strengthening of the Board. The computerisation of the Hazard Wing will be highly beneficial.

Under the Indo-Dutch project, the concerned Board staff have been given two opportunities of interaction with Mr. Swaminathan (formerly of NEERI), mainly on sampling and inventorisation aspects. A very short training was received by one person in Anna University, Chennai. More specific training on hazardous wastes handling and management aspects have not been received in India or abroad.

Sd/-
KV. Indulal
Member Secretary